Allopurinol works by inhibiting an enzyme that our bodies produce which breaks down purines into uric acid. The enzyme is called xanthine oxidase, thus allopurinol is classed as a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor.

Other treatments to lower uric acid are available. I explain these alternatives to allopurinol elsewhere in the Gout Treatment section.

Over the years, I have produced many articles on various aspects of allopurinol. Apart from explanations of what allopurinol is, how it works, and why it sometimes fails, most articles deal with allopurinol side effects or allopurinol dosing.

Strangely, allopurinol seems to be the most misspelled medicine I’ve ever encountered. Perhaps it is because it is used very frequently, or perhaps it is just hard to spell. It does not matter to me how you spell it, but I include these misspellings to try and avoid confusion, and to clarify that the different spellings all relate to the same medication – allopurinol.

I am currently summarizing all allopurinol information here, and adding some information of allopurinol interactions with other drugs and food. In the meantime, I have tagged the old articles with appropriate topic names, in the following categories.

Allopurinol: What, Why & How?

What is allopurinol, how does it help your gout, and why does it sometimes fail?

Allopurinol Side Effects

Common allopurinol side effects.

Allopurinol Dosage

What is the correct dose of allopurinol at different phases in your gout treatment. You need to understand the differences between the dosage of allopurinol:

1. When you first try it
2. Whilst you are dissolving old uric acid crystals
3. Whilst you are maintaining uric acid in the blood below 6mg/dL (0.35 mmol/L)

Allopurinol For Gout

Other implications of taking allopurinol for gout

Other Allopurinol Drug Uses

Other use for the allopurinol drug:

Allopurinol Misspellings

• -nal ending: allopurinal, alopurinal, allipurinal, alipurinal
• I instead of first O: alipurinol, allipurinal, alipurinal
• Single L: alopurinal, alopurenol, alopurinol
• O instead of U: allupurinol, alluporinol
• Other: allopurino, alluporinol

Allopurinol: Next Steps

These articles about allopurinol cover a lot of ground, but they reflect just how important allopurinol is to managing gout.

You have learned how allopurinol fixes gout by lowering uric acid, and in other parts of the Gout Treatment section I explain other ways to reduce uric acid.

By now, you should be aware of how important uric acid lowering is, and how important it is to keep checking uric acid levels to ensure that your dosage is correct at different phases of your gout treatment.

Please check with your doctor if you are unsure of any part of your uric acid management plans. If you want help knowing the questions to ask about allopurinol, help understanding your doctor’s advice, or simply want to share your experiences and opinions, please visit the gout forum.

Leave The Allopurinol Summary To Browse Other Ways To Avoid Gout With Uric Acid Reducing Treatments

A new report on uric acid and back pain reminds me of the critical consequences of failure to manage gout properly.

Are you the type of macho man who wants to avoid daily uric acid treatment because you can stand the agony of a swollen big toe?

You might think again when your back is crippled and you can no longer stand upright.

I’m not one for scaremongering, but I do get frustrated by people who suffer years of gouty agony because they refuse to control uric acid. OK, so painkillers can mask the pain, but they cannot stop the inevitable invasive growth of uric acid deposits.

The big toe is the most common joint to get affected, but if left untreated, high uric acid levels will lead to urate deposits in every joint. This is more than a painful nuisance – these uric acid deposits known as tophi eat into bone, cartilage, and tendons causing permanent joint damage.

Most of us are lucky enough to live in a society where joint reconstruction surgery is a possibility, but why put yourself at that risk?

And I did mention every joint. Foot gout is a common problem because there are lots of joints in the foot. There are also lots of joints in the spine, and gout in the back, though fairly uncommon, is serious enough for you to be very afraid.

In gout management, there is too much emphasis on short term pain relief, and insufficient awareness of the consequences of allowing gout to reach the tophaceous stage. A single tophus (the name given to uric acid crystals when they form a lump in the body) often means severe joint movement restriction. This is quite common on the hands, where groups of tophi (the plural of tophus) tend to restrict finger movement. When this happens in the spine, back movement restriction becomes critical, and total incapacity from spine distortion is a real risk.

Samuels and colleagues reported a particularly bad case of spinal gout in the June issue of Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases[1]. The image above shows how tophi in and around the spine have severely distorted the patient’s back. The report reveals that this impaired the ability to stand long enough to take a shower.

Fortunately, the patient responded well to allopurinol, even though he required a dose of:

750 mg daily to achieve a target serum uric acid level less than 6.0 mg/dL.

As I mentioned, uric acid back pain in the form of tophaceous spinal gout is uncommon, but the Samuels report does manage to cite 7 other cases, and there will be many more that go unreported.

It really is not worth letting gout go untreated this long. Are you showing any symptoms of tophaceous gout, or indeed gout symptoms of any kind, such as swollen joints? If so, you need to get your uric acid level checked by your doctor, and controlled today.

Uric Acid Back Pain References

1. Authors: Jonathan Samuels, M.D., Robert T. Keenan, M.D., M.P.H., Rena Yu, M.D., Michael H. Pillinger, M.D., and Tibor Bescke, M.D. Title: Erosive Spinal Tophus in a Patient with Gout and Back Pain. Published: June 2010.

Back in the mists of time (OK – 5 years ago), I began my quest for food high in uric acid.

Sages spoke of the Land Of Plentiful Purines where gouties were banished to live out their days in exquisite swollen torture.

Then, came wise men from the East proclaiming that all was not as it seemed in GoutWorld…

To put it another way.

When most medics practicing today were in med school, the dietary control of gout was very simple: no high purine foods; limited medium purine foods; and unlimited low purine foods.

Then research in the 1970s and 80s began to question the simplicity of this view. In 1985, Zöllner[1] noted:

purine sources differ in their absorption rates, a fact not taken into account in our food tables.

[...] In summary it can be concluded that dietary purines are absorbed to a variable extent, depending on the degree of hydrolysis to nucleosides and/or nucleotides, and that they are oxidized to uric acid in the gut and excreted as uric acid, which is bad for gout but without influence on purine metabolism.

He concludes:

Supplements of dietary purines produce dose-proportional increases in plasma uric acid concentrations, uric acid pool size and renal uric acid excretion. The magnitude of these increases depends on the type of purine compound administered, which may limit the value of food tables for human dietetics. Purine content of food must be related not only to weight but also to energy and to protein, particularly if new foodstuffs or a vegetarian diet are ingested.

It is worth noting at this point, that foods never contain uric acid. Many do contain purines, which are a source of uric acid, but as Zöllner points out, there are different type of purine, and they metabolize to uric acid at different rates. He also points out that we do not really need to digest purines for uric acid, as we can make our own by reprocessing dead cells.

A turning point in our understanding of food high in uric acid came about in 2004. Choi and colleagues compiled statistics from a 12 year study of over 40,000 men. Though this statistical review adds nothing to our knowledge of how different purines affect gout in different ways, it certainly changed the way gout experts view diet.

Their conclusions set the foundation for today’s more effective gout diet plans:

Higher levels of meat and seafood consumption are associated with an increased risk of gout, whereas a higher level of consumption of dairy products is associated with a decreased risk. Moderate intake of purine-rich vegetables or protein is not associated with an increased risk of gout.

Though not the total story, as they do not factor in risks such as obesity and excess iron, those words should be tattooed on the hearts of all gout nutritionists. My simple view of purine control is to balance small portions (up to 4 oz) of meat or fish with low-fat dairy products. Fill the plate with whatever vegetable foods you enjoy. Simple and effective.

Finally, though we can see that some form of purine control may help gout, it is absolutely pointless to attempt this if you do not monitor your uric acid numbers. There is no correlation between gout pain and purines. You might still experience gout pain when uric acid is lowering because old urate crystals can cause a gout reaction before they dissolve completely. Make sure that you know and understand your uric acid level.

Food High In Uric Acid References

1. Author: Zöllner N . Title: Purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Published: Sep 1985.
2. Authors: Hyon K. Choi, M.D., Dr.P.H., Karen Atkinson, M.D., M.P.H., Elizabeth W. Karlson, M.D., Walter Willett, M.D., Dr.P.H., and Gary Curhan, M.D., Sc.D. Title:Purine-Rich Foods, Dairy and Protein Intake, and the Risk of Gout in Men . Published: March 2004.

See more articles related to food high in uric acid in the Gout Diet section.

I get asked every day, “What is uric acid?”

Chemically, it is a very weak organic acid, but that does not help you understand it, or it’s relationship with gout.

Medically, it is thought to be vital to our health, and our ability to stand upright.

But our uric acid control mechanisms are complicated, and if it gets out of balance, high uric acid leads to gouty arthritis. And worse.

The American Society for Clinical Investigation has recently reviewed the purpose of uric acid and it’s relationship with gout and other diseases.

“Uric acid transport and disease”[1] introduces its review with reference to the role of uric acid in evolution[2]. Humans have much higher levels of uric acid than many other animals because we no longer produce uricase naturally, which reduces uric acid to allantoin.

In other articles, I look at allantoin; how bacteria in our guts retain the ability to reduce uric acid; and how new drugs like rasburicase (sold under the Elitek brand) and peglioticase (sold under the Krystexxa brand) can reintroduce uricase to our bodies.

Here, I focus on what uric acid is. The report continues with some of the known benefits of uric acid.

Uric Acid: Vital Friend

The uric acid review highlights benefits of uric acid[3] including:

• Powerful antioxidant properties
• Fights heart disease
• Fights cancer
• Extends lifespan

Of course, these benefits are not always without consequences. We are aware that uric acid probably plays a part in raising blood pressure in order to walk upright, but this relies on several processes in our bodies to produce uric acid from dead body cells. These can be our own cells, or animal cells that we eat.

Our kidneys try to regulate the uric acid concentration in our blood. They filter out uric acid, then release back enough to maintain our vital functions. When systems go out-of-balance, complex factors can interact to cause problems in other areas. Often, we can see statistical associations with other diseases and conditions even though the causal links are not yet clear.

Uric Acid: Deadly Foe

The uric acid review continues to describe problems with high uric acid levels. This condition, known as hyperuricemia, is associated with several problems including:

• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Metabolic syndrome (a combination of diabetes or high blood pressure or obesity with heart disease or stroke or other blood circulation problems)

This of course is in addition to the problems directly associated with gout, discussed at length throughout this site, including:

• Kidney inflammation and stones.
• Bone, cartilage, and tendon destruction.

The report continues with a summary of emerging genetic investigation. I will review this area of gout research separately, as it addresses the “Why” rather than “What” of uric acid.

Next Steps To Answer “What Is Uric Acid?”

You’ve learned that uric acid is a component of our blood that is vital to human health, but destructive when we have too much. This is why you must control it to avoid serious longterm health problems, and not simply relieve gout pain.

You can learn more about the properties of uric acid and how it affects gouty arthritis in the “Understanding Uric Acid & Gout” section.

References For “What Is Uric Acid?”

1. Author: So A, Thorens B. Title: Uric acid transport and disease. Published: J Clin Invest. 2010 Jun 1;120(6):1791-9.
2. Author: Oda M, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N. Title: Loss of urate oxidase activity in hominoids and its evolutionary implications. Published: Mol Biol Evol. 2002 May;19(5):640-53.
3. Author: Ames BN, Cathcart R, Schwiers E, Hochstein P. Title: Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis. Published: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Nov;78(11):6858-62.

A new report studying high uric acid and kidney disease confirms earlier indications of the dangers of hyperuricemia revealed by the 2008 Austrian investigations.

In a study investigating the “Association between serum uric acid and early kidney damage in middle-aged and elderly”, Chinese scientists show a clear correlation between high uric acid in the blood and reduced kidney function.

Though this new report[1] adds nothing to the Austrian study[2] in terms of understanding why elevated uric acid leads to kidney impairment, it does confirm that the two are linked. It certainly adds weight to my position that asymptomatic hyperuricemia should be taken much more seriously.

High Uric Acid And Kidney Disease Investigation

The following information is extracted from the abstract of the uric acid investigation: “Association between serum uric acid and early kidney damage in middle-aged and elderly.”

Uric Acid Investigation Objectives

To investigate the association between uric acid in the blood and early kidney damage. Also investigate the prevalence of early kidney damage in the middle-aged and elders with normal serum creatinine.

Uric Acid Investigation Methods

The investigation surveyed 1023 subjects from the local population of Chengdu in China. The study group comprised of 539 men and 484 women aged between 57 and 69, selected randomly from the population with normal serum creatinine.

Subjects were divided into 4 groups determined by uric acid level in the blood:

1. Less than 4.74 mg/dL (0.282 mmol/L)
2. 4.74 mg/dL to 5.56 mg/dL (0.331 mmol/L)
3. 5.56 mg/dL to 6.37 mg/dL (0.379 mmol/L)
4. Greater than 6.37 mg/dL

Clearly not gout sufferers, but this is about uric acid, not necessarily gouty arthritis. The survey looked at cardiovascular risk factors, including serum UA and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the MDRD (modification of diet in renal disease) equation.

Uric Acid Investigation Results

Overall, 28.1% of subjects had early kidney damage, with men, at 35.8%, much more susceptible than women at 19.5%. The incidence of early kidney disease was analyzed to calculate the odds ratio across each of the 4 study groups. Taking the value of group A as 1, the other groups show the following risks:

1. 1.0
2. 1.740
3. 3.599
4. 5.488

Uric Acid Investigation Conclusion

The investigation concludes:

In the middle-aged and elders with normal serum creatinine, serum UA and eGFR are negatively correlated. And serum UA level is independently associated with early kidney damage.

GoutPal Conclusion

Given that the earlier study showed that uric acid levels above 9 mg/dL are associated with triple the incidence of kidney disease compared to below 7mg/dL, then any uric acid level above 5mg/dL suggests cause for concern.

Neither of these studies have shown whether high uric acid impairs kidney function or if kidney disease caused by something else causes uric acid levels to rise. Given that Siu and colleagues have shown allopurinol to be beneficial for kidney disease sufferers[3], I reckon there are good grounds to suggest that lowering the uric acid will lower the risk of kidney disease. As ever, this are cries out for more specific research. If you find some, please share it with the world on the gout forum.

High Uric Acid And Kidney Disease References

1. He S, Chen XP, Jiang LY, Peng Y, Gong L, Chen XN, Wu K, Cui KJ, Zhu Y, Huang DJ. [Association between serum uric acid and early kidney damage in middle-aged and elderly]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Mar 16;90(10):658-61. [Article in Chinese]
2. Obermayr RP, Temml C, Gutjahr G, Knechtelsdorfer M, Oberbauer R, Klauser-Braun R. Elevated uric acid increases the risk for kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Dec;19(12):2407-13. Epub 2008 Sep 17.
3. Siu YP, Leung KT, Tong MK, Kwan TH. Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid level. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Jan;47(1):51-9.

Alkaline foods raise more controversy than they are worth.

People swear they are the holy grail of health – a magic cure for gout and every other health problem in the world.

Skeptics swear back: “You’re wasting your *#@!$&! time.

It’s time for us to see the real truth behind alkaline diet and gouty arthritis.

Myth 1: Alkaline Foods Turn Red Litmus Blue

Despite my best efforts to explain otherwise, people still believe that you can measure the power of alkaline foods by testing their pH. There are even lists of alkaline foods touted round the Internet that show the pH value for common foods. But these have nothing to do with the alkalizing effect, so why do they exist?

They stem from a US government table of pH values produced for the canning industry. Whilst they might help food packagers determine what balancing agents they need to avoid food reacting with it’s container, these values have absolutely nothing to do with the effect of food on our bodies.

The science of alkaline foods recognizes that elements and compounds in food cause different reactions in our body when digested. Some elements, e.g. proteins and phosphorous produce acidic salts. Other elements, e.g. potassium, magnesium and calcium, produce alkaline salts. These salts end up at our kidneys, where they alter the pH environment. This process has resulted in the Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) calculation, which is an approximate estimate of the effect of foods on the acidity/alkalinity of our bodies. Or more specifically, of urine, as this is the measurable result.

Still, people remain confused as to how an acidic food item, like lemons or vinegar, can have an alkalizing effect on urine and the kidneys. As I explained recently:

… it’s because the acids, e.g. citric acid in lemons and acetic acid in vinegar, are very weak acids. The alkalizing components in the fruits do not register on a pH test, or our taste buds. This all changes as we digest the food, and the alkalizing components combine with acid compounds in or bodies, thus reducing the acid load at the kidneys.

In fact, the only reliable way to test the value of alkaline foods is to measure the pH of urine, but beware of the obsession that leads to the second myth.

Myth 2: I Must Max Alkaline Foods For Best Health

Those who understand the previous myth about the pH of food, easily fall foul of the second myth. Persuaded as they are that alkalizing foods have a positive health benefit, they plan their gout diet solely from alkalizing food lists, avoiding anything that might have an acidifying effect.

This is wrong.

The compounds that we excrete in urine are a complex mixture of acid and alkaline salts that represent the end product of various aspects of our metabolism. Typical diets commonly produce acid urine. This is increasingly seen as a general health risk, with a specific risk for gout sufferers, as we will soon see. But it is wrong to dismiss all acid foods as bad, and all alkaline foods as good.

In fact, we need to balance acid and alkaline producing foods to ensure we get a sufficient range of nutrients, with the overall balance being alkaline.

Myth 3: Alkaline Foods Neutralize Uric Acid

Uric acid is a very weak acid, and causes no discomfort as a liquid component of blood. However, as it’s concentration increases, it will form crystals. These crystals are attacked by the immune system, in a similar way to the attack on viruses and other foreign matter that enters our bodies.

The alkalizing affect of food has little or no influence on this process. Though uric acid crystals are less soluble in alkaline conditions, an alkaline diet does not change the pH of blood, or at least not in any significant way.

The specific benefit of alkaline food for gouty arthritis sufferers is that alkalizing urine significantly reduces the risk of uric acid stones forming in the kidneys, bladder and associated tubes.

Read more about alkaline foods in the Gout Diet Help section.

A uric acid test kit can provide you with information about your uric acid levels.

However, they are not suitable for everyone. You should think carefully, and consult your doctor, before buying one.

Uric Acid Test Kit Ordering

Please remember that uric acid meters will not have any direct on your gout. You should only use them as part of a medically supervised plan to control your uric acid levels.

I have used the UASure uric acid meter to monitor my uric acid levels during a weight-loss program with encouraging results. Users have reported good correlation with “official” lab results[1], however some users cannot consistently perform the necessary drawing of a correctly sized blood droplet and show inconsistent test results[2].

Uric Acid Test Kit References

1. AUTHORNAME. Uric Acid Meter. GoutPal Interactive. 2010-07-03. URL:http://www.gout-pal.com/gout-pal-forum/please-help-my-gout/uric-acid-meter. Accessed: 2010-07-03. (Archived by WebCite^® at http://www.webcitation.org/5qwTdu0oW)
2. AUTHORNAME. Uric Acid Monitor Results. GoutPal Interactive. 2010-07-03. URL:http://www.gout-pal.com/gout-pal-forum/uric-acid/monitor-results. Accessed: 2010-07-03. (Archived by WebCite^® at http://www.webcitation.org/5qwWxKXsh)

GoutPal.com is the personal website of Keith Taylor, a gout sufferer since 2001.

I provide help to fellow gout sufferers and their carers by explaining what gout is, how it can be managed, and how you can work with medical professionals to get the best treatment for your gout.

I study gout research and professional advice, but I have absolutely no medical training or qualifications. You should always seek medical advice from a suitably qualified professional.

Brief History

Around the year 2001, in my early forties, I started to experience various aches and twinges around my feet. On reflection, I experienced quite a lot of tingling “pins and needles,” but put this down to restricted leg movement, approaching middle-age, too much entertainment.

One day, my ankle became so swollen I could hardly walk, so I consulted my family doctor. He said,

“It looks a bit like gout, but it can’t be because your big toe is fine. Go for x-rays, and we’ll take it from there.”

And so it came to pass, in the Emergency Room, the finest medical brains were at a loss, and I was admitted to hospital for tests to rule out infection etc.

Four days later, a rheumatologist performed a joint fluid test, and the results soon came back. Gout.

On return to my family doctor, I got some anti-inflammatories, a recommendation to try to control the gout through diet changes instead of daily drugs (these docs know how to make a forty-two year old feel ninety), and a food list calling for an end to all high-purine foods and restriction of many other medium purine foods, including spinach and mushrooms.

To be fair, this was prior to the research that shows that vegetable purines have little or no impact on gout, but I began to feel like the world as I know it had ended.

I spent 5 years researching gout to try to understand it. All I really did was convince myself that nobody understands gout.

I found that the science I was following was not reflected in most health sites, and gout sites were all about selling herbal nonsense. So, I decided to start GoutPal both as a way to focus my learning, and as a haven for other gout sufferers.

There have been many changes over the 5 years that GoutPal.com has operated. I’ve learned a lot, and I know that I will learn more. Along the way it has been refreshing to hear that several gout patients now understand what their doctors are saying, and know what questions to ask them as a result of my work here.

That, my friends, is all I ever want.

Leave this page about GoutPal.com to browse other gout-related information.

Food is not as important to gout as many think, but sensible gout diet restrictions do apply in many cases.

The important thing is to learn what food factors are important to gout. More importantly, learn dietary restrictions in the right context.

And that context is you.

Food Gout Overview

There are two vital facts that you must learn before you can find how gout limits your diet.

1. You must have a plan to manage your gout.
2. No single food is important in isolation.

Gout Management Plan

Though I cover this in depth in the Gout Treatment section, and in the Understanding Uric Acid & Gout section, I must summarize the key points here. Without an appreciation of why a gout management plan is necessary, you will never build an effective food management plan.

The simplest overview is:

1. Gather information, confirming the diagnosis, with your best assessment of why and how you might have gout. The assessment must measure your uric acid level. Your doctor should do this regularly for all gout patients, but if you cannot get this service, you can buy effective home uric acid test meters.
2. Set Objectives for your gout management plan. What is your target uric acid level? Will you achieve it through medications, dietary restrictions or a combination of both?
3. Develop your plan to get rid of the Uric acid crystals (also called Urate deposits) in your body. This can be medication, dietary restrictions, or a combination of both.
4. Monitor the plan until all urate deposits dissolve, then adjust your medications and dietary restrictions to maintain uric acid levels at 6 mg/dL (.35 mmol/L). Gently Tend your gout, forever.

Gather information, set Objectives, dissolve Urate deposits, then Tend forever. ⒼⓄⓊⓉ.

Until you reach the final stage, you will probably need pain relief. I discuss some inflammation reducing foods elsewhere in this Gout Diet section. However, it is unlikely that, unless you have a high pain threshold, you will be able to avoid gout pain therapy. Usually this involves drugs, but my Gout Treatment section also covers non-drug gout pain therapies including T.E.N.S. machines, low level laser, and acupuncture.

Food Management Plan

We can see that food plays a part, often a large part, in managing gout. So apart from the aforementioned anti-inflammatory foods, we are really concerned with lowering uric acid.

Unfortunately, many people who should know better have tried to simplify this into lists of foods that are good for gout, and lists of foods to avoid. Whilst there is a place and a purpose for such lists, they exist to help you plan and manage your gout. You cannot live your life from these lists. They simply do not make sense in isolation. Most importantly, lists of one factor, e.g. purine content, are misleading if you do not consider other factors at the same time.

The only approach that works is to assess your whole diet. Gout is a metabolic disease that shows that your uric acid metabolism controls are not working. They are out of balance, and the only way you will get back in control is to eat a balanced diet. Simply avoiding purines is not enough. They count for a small part of your uric acid pool – the majority comes from your own flesh. As your body grows and regenerates itself, it creates uric acid. Illness, trauma, and bad nutrition will cause this process to accelerate, and your badly balanced diet will send your uric acid figures much higher than a plate of seafood ever could.

Balance applies to more than just the nutritional content. Gout diet restrictions must also consider the timing of food in balance with exercise. Your whole lifestyle needs to be planned to ensure that you give your body the best chance to turn the food you eat into energy for life, and not into excess uric acid.

It is also crucial to plan a diet that you will enjoy. If you do not enjoy your diet, you will not stick to it. Gout is miserable enough without needless food restrictions. You need to learn to plan for the things you love to eat, then balance your diet to make it healthy.

You create your food management plan for your gout as part of your gout management plan. No other way will work.

Next Steps For Gout Diet Restrictions

You can see that you must identify the gout diet restrictions that will help you, and avoid lifestyle limitations that are pointless. There is an amazing amount of information to consider when planning your gout diet, but you will only make sense of it if you have a gout management plan. The rest of this Gout Diet section will help you build your personal gout diet management plan. It has to be personal to you, as gout affects us all in different ways. My gout diet might not suit you, but my approach to gout food management will ensure you have a plan that works.

Information To Fix Swollen Joints

Information is divided into:

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